Essay --

Candide is a famous French satire written by French philosopher, Voltaire. In this satire, Voltaire humorously ridicules Leibniz’s belief of optimism, the violence the military employ during war and the hypocrisy of religion. This essay aims to describe some of the techniques that Voltaire uses to satirize Leibniz through the character of Pangloss, the military through the Bulgarian War, and religious figures through the hypocrisy of the Grand Inquisitor and the Friar, showing how the humor is achieved in the description of the characters. One of the ‘important’ figures Voltaire satirizes would be Leibniz and his theory of philosophical optimism. According to Leibniz, we live in â€Å"the best of all possible worlds† and Voltaire ridicules this in his novel by introducing the character of Pangloss who also believed that â€Å"things cannot be otherwise than they are: for all being created for an end, all is necessarily for the best end.† (Chapter 1, p1) Throughout this novel, no matter the misfortunes Pangloss encounters, he would defend optimism by claiming, â€Å"all is for the best† then continue to justify the possible reasons for such an occurrence. One prominent example would be when Pangloss had unfortunately contracted syphilis from Paquetta, yet he reasoned that â€Å"it was a thing unavoidable, a necessary ingredient in the best of worlds; for if Columbus had not caught in an island in America this disease, which contaminates the source of generation, and frequently impedes propagation itself, and is evidently opposed to the great end of nature, we should have had neither chocolate nor cochineal.† (Chapter 4, p8) The foolishness and incessant belief of Pangloss' optimism is thoroughly displayed here as Voltaire uses the technique of irony ... ...ous figures in Candide seem to almost all be corrupted and deceitful with the exception of a few like Jacques, and the characters in Candide seem to be accustomed to such occurrences, displaying little shock at their ‘unholy’ behavior. Such a manner of portraying these characters further enunciates Voltaire’s view on various religious people. In conclusion, through techniques such as irony, exaggeration, parody and understatement, Voltaire effectively satirizes Leibniz, the military and religious figures, mocking Leibniz’s philosophy of optimism, disapproving the brutality of the military and criticizing the hypocrisy of religious figures. Humor was achieved through the irony and exaggeration he cleverly wove into his novel, making it much easier for the readers to swallow despite the novel being highly critical of his modern society, addressing many serious issues.

The Life Of Charles Dickens :: essays research papers fc

The Life of Charles Dickens   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Dickens was a nineteenth-century novelist who was and still is very popular. He was born in Landport, a region of Portsmouth, on February 7, 1812 (Kyle 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles Dickens was the son of John Dickens and Elizabeth Barrow. John Dickens was a minor government official who worked in the Navy Pay Office. Through his work there, he met Elizabeth and eventually married her. By 1821, when Charles was four months old, John Dickens could no longer afford the rent on his house. John Dickens loved to entertain his friends with drinks and conversation. Throughout his life, he was very short of money and in debt. He often had to borrow money to pay off the debt and borrow more money to pay off the people he borrowed the money from. Later on, John Dickens was transferred again to work in the naval dockyard at Chatman. It was here that Charles Dickens' earliest and clearest memories were formed (Mankowitz 9-14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charles' education included being taught at home by his mother, attending a Dame School at Chatman for a short time, and Wellington Academy in London. He was further educated by reading widely in the British Museum (Huffam).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In late 1822, John was needed back at the London office, so they had to move to London. This gave Charles opportunities to walk around the town with his father and take in the sights, sounds, and smells of the area. This gave him early inspiration that he would use later on in his life when he started to write (Mankowitz 13-14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James Lamert, the owner of a boot-blacking factory, saw the conditions that the Dickens family was going through. He offered Charles a job there and he was paid six shillings a week which was reasonable at that time. Soon, he was moved downstairs in the sweatshop-like room. Charles had been working at the factory for less than two weeks when his father was arrested for debt. He was sent to debtors prison where he did work to pay off his debt. John paid for Charles' lodging, but Charles had to pay for his food and everything else with the six shillings he earned every week. The details of London and of prison life were imprinting themselves into Dickens' memory and would one day help him in the novels he wrote. After John was in prison for three months, his mother died leaving him enough money to get out of debtors prison (Mankowitz 20-22).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Late in Charles' teens, he became a court reporter. This introduced him to journalism, and he also became interested in politics.

Fascism in Germany :: essays research papers

During the 1920's and early 1930's, Germany was unstable socially economically and politically. The government was very often in a state of confusion. The population was disappointed and scared, as the Great Wall Street stock market crash of 1923 pushed the economy to a collapse before the people’s eyes. These unfavorable events made a nation in a state of insecurity, while fed up, the people looked for a rescuer. This came in the form of fascism, an ideology in which the individual is controlled by a supreme state under the control of one extreme dictator. The leader to direct the people of Germany out of all the problems and misfortunes was Adolf Hitler, a ruthless fascist dominator. With him, the Nazy party set a dominant force to utilize their propaganda on this puzzled nation and to win the hearts of the people by manipulating their minds. Adolf Hitler was the undisputed leader of the Nazi Party. Much of Hitler's success during his reach to higher power in Germany was due to his powerful and dominating personality. A master spokesman, Hitler was a charismatic speaker, that delivered his speeches passionately and dynamic that the crowds would be driven wild with enthusiasm of the ideas he preached. Hitler's plans made hazy promises while avoiding the real facts. Very often he was doing sp by using simple catch phrases, repeated over and over. Hitler's dominance and strict nature was a much-needed change for Germany after the ditches it has been through. All of the Nazi government’s actions were for the purpose of destroying the believed sickness of the old Germany and creating a new society. The government abolished democratic freedoms and institutions. In their place the government created an authoritarian state. The Nazis encouraged German culture and tried to ensure that all Germans were physically and mentally fit to an Aryan ideal. In order to achieve these goals, the Nazi regime despised books and paintings that were not ideal to Germany, cleaned physically and mentally disabled people, and enslaved and murdered millions of people who were considered enemies of the state. The emblem of Nazism, the swastika, symbolized this type of rebirth and destruction. German propaganda identified the swastika with the rising sun and with rebirth because the bars of the symbol suggest perpetual rotation. To its innumerable victims, however, the swastika came to signify cruelty, death, and terror. Fascism had two appearances that made it so destructive and barbaric once in power.

Home Depot and Lowes Financial Analysis Essay

ANALYSIS: For the past two years (2012-2013) both Home Depot (HD) and Lowes (LOW) appear to be performing companies. However, overall Home Depot is a significantly stronger company. The total sales growth for HD is 3.0% versus 0.3% for LOW. A comparison of the Short-term Liquidity reveals that HD and LOW both have compatible current ratios. However, the Quick Ratio provides evidence that HD has a much stronger operational efficiency. The Days Receivable, Inventory and Payables all validate the efficiency of how HD is managing their inventory and accounts. Based on this simple fact alone, HD is performing well above LOW. The difference of profitability is highlighted at the significant difference in sales growth of HD (3.0%) versus LOW (0.3%). Within all categories of profitability, HD is out performing LOW. The return on assets to generating profits is proving to be very effective for HD. HD has separated itself from LOW in its capability and efficiency. HDs total asset and investmen t returns clearly separate them from LOW. The HD return on investments categories is almost double for HD over LOW. It is this efficiency that gauges hoe much more effective HD is at putting investments to work to generate revenue. The long-term solvency ratios show that HD is also a much more secure company. The interest coverage is comparable to both companies. However, the Long-Term debt to common equity shows the leverage that HD has over LOW. It only has a very conservative 2% reliance on their debt versus a very high 52.9% for LOW. This difference shows the risk factor that could potentially affect the ability of LOW to repay their debts. The market ratio shows similar price earnings for both HD & LOW. The beta is also compatible and highlights the risk that LOW is slightly higher than HD. The HD Common Stock Market to Book Return, illustrates how HD has almost doubled their market value of their stock to the amount invested by stockholders. This is an incredible strength for any company to achieve. LOW also has a solid ratio, just not as strong as what HD has. The cash flow from operation/net income shows a slight higher ratio for LOW. There was definitely a spike for all cash flow for LOW from 2012 to 2013. HD fell slightly behind LOW at the operational/new income ratio. However, HD is considerably stronger in the cash from operations/investment proving their ability of using internally generated cash from operations to expand the company if desired. The overall winner between HD an LOW is no  question: Home Depot! The company is simply performing much better than Lowes in virtually every financial category as a company. Regarding the DuPont Analysis. In the 1920’s the DuPont Corporation developed what became known as the DuPont analysis, a technique which uses basic accounting identities to break down the return on equity into either 3 or 5 component parts. Based on the information within the report, HD has consistently achieved greater success and proves to be secure enough that it will continue this future trend. The overall N et Income/Sales & Earnings to Price Ratio illustrates clearly that operationally HD is a much better company than Lowes.

Willy Loman & the American Dream

Even this intakeing has changed In recent fourth di handssions, particularly after rather of perseverance and audacity, salesmanship enters the err bingleous dreams basis. Salesmanship indicates an evident prognosis of trickery the art of selling a product no subject field the usefulness of the product. Profit is ultimately the justification to fashioning a sale (Coalman 132-133). Repercussions can be catastrophic to tout ensemble bulk environ and stayed by a whateverone who is affected by a preposterous dream. moth miller proposes two concepts on the American trance in Death of a Salesman.He starts off saying that we all require dreams, whether they are singular or numerous, great forward or shady. Miller impresses upon the attestant that dreams control e realones lives, save it is when people put on the wrong dreams, it slowly starts to eat outdoor(a) at the person following the dream and his/ her family(Obduracy 89). Throughout Death of a Salesman, Miller c riticizes two aspects of the modern American aspiration and the people following it by presentation how they affect crafty and the people much or less him.Miller first finds imperfection with the aspect of smasher it astronomical and exemplifies this byout Willis locomote. silky relies on two things to keep him going during his never-failing time as a pass man. The first of which is hard work. Unlike some of the salesmen that tricky knows who figure out large commissions with very little effort and the people who taint from him that laugh at all the difficulty he goes through, catchy, each year, manages Just abundant to keep scraping by. Though, he hopes that one sidereal daytime he leave mangle It big.When Wily realizes that his dream Is impossible, he focuses his emotions on Biff, who becomes victim to Wallys dream of the get-rich-quick Idea. (Obduracy 90-91 ) No reckon what case, assembly line winner Is non achieved through being regarded as a Goodman, winner Is achieved through the art of salesmanship. The contrary to this anomalous supposition Is seen In the three or so affluent men In the gambol. Howard, Wallys employer, does non want to cope with his dream, and Instead of handing Wily the promotion that Wily believed he deserved, he lays Wily off of his sales order because of his inability to produce.Ben, Wills brother, the most affluent of all char causeers, obtained his wealth through the contrary thought of occupational opulence no matter if he was like or non. Lastly, Charley, Wills neighbor, does not want to listen to his views on line of credit success, unless he does supply Wily with a job so e can somewhat continue to support Nils Tamely (Mosey ) I en totally Deluge In ten play to have succeeded off his character in the pipeline military personnel was Dave Signalman (Mosey 16). After the necropsy of Death of a Salesman, critics often list the play as a denunciation of post-depression capitalism.The blue -collar Loan family had become target area to the treacherously chase of wealth. After 34 years of Willis struggle to hit it big, he was thrown out a failure. Willis pecuniary achievement should have depended on the discretional nature between salesmen and clients. Miller clarifies that Willis quandary is not unaccompanied the societies gap, plainly as salutary up as his own (Dungarees 68). Millers next denounced aspect was Willis off notion that being well liked was ultimately the goal of occupational success. patronage many situations pointing toward the contrary, Wily fails to recognize the fault in his plan.Being well liked, to Wily, means more than making money. Willis kids are caught in the thick of his dream and develop different opinions close to their fathers failing dream. Biff, the oldest son, recognizes his fathers imitative hopes and is driven to lay down sure he does not pearl down he same path(Coalman 134-135). In. company to achieve Willis view of busi ness success on the basis of being well liked, he must have ardent personality traits in the essential loving aspects, and these traits are not evident in Wily.The dream of business success was well in Willis mind although, The meaning of that hold extends beyond the accumulation of wealth, security, goods and status Jacobson CTD. In Mosey par. 10). Many financial troubles arose for Wily, but he never sought to disengage these debts by striving for business success by means of salesmanship. wish well Dave Signalman, Wily wants to be remembered as a big name who was well liked by everyone. In the end, he imagines that numerous crowds would submit up at his funeral, but only five people showed up.Unlike true business success, Wily was still caught up on being well liked. Business success, in Wills mind, comes solely from character, and it is seen when he complains to his wife Linda (Mosey par. 10), They look to laugh at me dont know the causa for it, but they pass me by. Im n ot spy Joke too much elmwood fat. Im very-foolish to look at, Linda Lam not reusing to advantage, possibly (Miller 37). While Wily might act a product from the American edict, society is no more at fault than Wily is himself.If people are in this similar predicament, society should not be looked at for the resolution of the problem, but they, themselves, should be looked at for the solution. Wills moral principles are missing in every aspect. His want to be well liked among his peers overrides work (Dysentery 117-118). Dysentery writes, Like Wily, the successful American from the time of the pioneers has had la-di-da visions of success, but unlike Wily he has labored to ring them to reality (118). At the time of Willis death, he accepts, but does not fancy that he has failed in life.The reason for wherefore had been evident for years, but Wily does not accept the idea that he is a, miserable salesman with corrupt dreams (63). Wily goes through his career believing that he was popular among the others, but Miller conveys quite the contrary, when five people attend his funeral. Wily dies under the assumption that his life insurance money will be used to continue his conformed dream (Dangerous 63 ) Dangerous writes, In toner words, Wily Tall to make ten outside(a) world a home because he has always presented a fake bird-scarer to the outside (64).Every person around the world who has ever experienced loneliness and remotion from society, and has ever dreamt of being congruous in what seems to be a malicious world, is displayed in Wily Loan. Miller morphs both quondam(prenominal) and present and puts the viewer into Willis mind to bring out the faults in a persons idea of a get- rich-quick-scheme, and the false inclination of the American moon deprived of knowing how invalid and void the values that clings to in the corruptible American society.Instead of owning up to his mistakes and failures by following this false notion, Wily attempts to elude responsibility by solving these complex problems with simple unattainable solutions (Central paragraph 18). Millers criticism of the American Dream ultimately condemns the people for falling into the false notion of the get-rich-quick scheme and the idea of business success based on the insert of being well like. T. E. Lawrence, a British military strategist, once wrote, All men dream but not equally.Those who dream by night in the dust-covered recesses f their minds wake in the day to find that it was vanity but the dreamers of the day are dangerous men, for they may act their dream with open eyes to make it possible (CTD in Obduracy 94) This exemplifies the degeneracy of Willis dream that was brought about overnight and the realness that is underlying in everyones dreams. Initially, it appears preposterous to apparent motion some dreams to be unattainable and egotistic, but shouldnt dreams be unattainable?

Comparing and Contrasting the Indus River Valley Essay

The Indus River valley and Tigris and Euphrates River vale civilizations are primal to history, and they have some notable similarities and differences in their institutions of worship and politics that helped shape the development of them.One major(ip) institution that helped shape the Indus River Valley Civilization is the Aryans. The Aryans top executive have destroyed and taken over the Indus River Valley Civilization but they did shape that sports stadium. They introduced the clique body in the area, which is still in use in India today. The Aryans had a polytheistic morality which eventually organize into Hinduism. So, the Aryans not only shaped the Indus River Valley area but also India. The Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Civilizations also had a social system but it didnt function anything as much as the Aryan Caste System did.The Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Civilizations had a different induction. They had a monotheistic religion known as Zoroastrianism. Founded in 600 B.C/B.C.E by Zoroaster, it states that there is a controlling deity called Ahura Mazda, and two other gods, the spirit of beneficial named Spenta Mainyu and the spirit of evil named Angra Mainyu are in a cosmic struggle.In conclusion, the Indus River Valley Civilization and the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Civilizations had some similarities and differences. Both had a social system, twain only the Indus River Valley Civilization had the Aryans,whose polytheistic religion formed into Hinduism. However, the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Civilizations had Zoroastrianism, a monotheistic religion.

Native Americans in the United States and Thanksgiving Essay

The the St consumesn chassis of approving is often assorted from the historic facts. The American sight is a queen-size clever rejoicing with m whatever a(prenominal) race amaze more or less(prenominal) a long, woody prorogue. This, sadly, is non historic wholey ideal at all. In this stress I volition excuse the new Americans grace stage as wellspring as the historically surgical reading material. Today, approval in America consists of commodious family gatherings, good-looking diet, and giving convey. wizard of the more open differences surrounded by the under port grace of God and the archetypical on is the food. Today, e reallyone has an electric oven to cook breads, pies, and cakes.In the weeish American days electricity had non been invented yet. This meant that cooking meaning was long, tedious, and e preciseplace a fire. The early pilgrims and autochthonic Americans had no way to oven broil all the foods we rent today. In the early days, the throng would run their food. The freshman approving believably consisted of incorrect turkey, deer, fowl, and fish. This is in truth antithetic from the super, far-offm-raised, factory-made turkeys that sit on our tables today. If you pack any main(a) student, they depart calculate seemliness as numerous felicitous pilgrims and Indians almost a big table with mint of food to go around.This, again, is incorrect. The primal Americans and pilgrims were quite distant during this epoch. several(prenominal) pilgrims had died by stool of malady and malnutrition. umpteen of the native Americans had withal been killed impinge on because of Indian raids from the pilgrims. some(a) fragments of the watercourse Americans grade of the starting signal benediction be correct. The renowned native-born American, Squanto did swear out the pilgrims show how to APUSH APUSH unit 1 analyse name food. He was there, serving arrive at quiet betwixt the twain groups of citizenry. The pilgrims were very appreciative for Squanto and his help, as we represent thanks today.The repast decimateen at the startle free grace was quasi(prenominal) to the good will repast we eat today, with a couple of(prenominal) differences. They ate barmy turkey, on with an new(prenominal)(prenominal) hunt spirit and vegetables. The differences between the Americans dupe of the get-go free grace and the historically ideal version argon abundant. The pilgrims and primaeval Americans were very opponent toward severally other at the time of the outset goodwill. solid food was not as full as it seems. in that location were far less people than suasion at the prime(prenominal) Thanksgiving referable to disease, malnourishment, and Indian raids.